Delavan Microwave 320

 

Principle of Operation

These controls are non-contact sensing microwave-based controls. The transmitter (source) consists basically of a power supply, pulse modulator, Gunn oscillator, and directional antenna. The receiver consists of a directional antenna, a microwave mixer cavity with a Schottky barrier diode detector, a high gain, low noise amplifier, a pulse coding network, a voltage comparator circuit, and a relay driver circuit. In the transmitter, power is converted to a well regulated and filtered 12 Volts DC supply.

It is then pulsed at about 1 kHz by the pulse modulator circuit. This circuit is included to permit pulse discrimination circuitry to be used. In addition, pulsing at a 10% duty cycle safely permits peak transmitted power levels 10 times greater than permitted under continuous-wave operation. The pulsed DC is fed to a Gunn oscillator in the antenna assembly, where the 12 Volts DC 1 kHz square wave is converted to a pulsed X band (10.525 gHz) microwave signal. The signal is radiated by the directional antenna, which is typically a 10dB gain horn with a beam spread of approximately 40°.

In the receiver, the signal is received by a directional antenna and coupled to a mixer cavity containing a Schottky detector diode. This diode converts the low-level microwave signal to a low-level pulsed DC, which is then amplified by an adjustable gain — low noise IC amplifier to a 0-10 Volts DC control signal. This system is interconnected and uses pulse discrimination coding. In these systems, the receiver is on only when the transmitter is on, thus the system is virtually immune to false triggering from stray microwave interference.

The level of the amplified received signal (0-10 Volts DC) is compared with a preset value in a voltage comparator circuit. When the signal received exceeds the comparator set-point, an output signal in initiated which is processed through time delay circuits to drive the output relay.

A microwave system has been described in the above, based on a fixed power transmitter and a receiver/detector with adjustable gain to discriminate between various signal power levels received at its antenna. Materials in the industrial environment have various effects on microwave signals. For example, low-level microwaves cannot penetrate metals but are reflected by them. They are absorbed almost entirely by water, and to varying degrees by water-based solutions or products that have a significant moisture content such as grain, wood products, etc.

Transmission losses increase with increasing dielectric constants and increase with increasing conductivity. For example, air (dielectric constant of 1 and conductivity of zero) transmits microwave with no loss while seawater (dielectric constant of 55 at X-band and conductivity of 4 mhos/meter) provides extreme attenuation of the microwave energy. It is the material’s dielectric constant and conductivity that determines whether or not the material is a good candidate for microwave control.

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Features

Features

• Approved
• Non-Contact
• No Vessel Openings
• Non-Intrusive
• Independent Time Delays
• Corrosion Resistant, Watertight Remote Enclosure
• Versatile Power Supply
• Long Cables
• Fail-safe

Applications

• Severe Environments
  Where the environment is too hostile to permit reliable operation of photoelectric controls. Microwave 320 is unaffected by dust, smoke, fog, or vibration.
• High-Temperature Environments
  Model MT 861 and MR 861 transmitters and receivers are designed for high-temperature service. Please note: These sensors are water-cooled to maintain an operating temperature of +140°F (+60°C) or less at the pre-amplifier.
• Abrasive Materials
  Eg: Crushed coal, sand, ore. Rugged construction. No moving parts. Sensors do not protrude into the flow stream.
• Corrosive – Liquid Products
  Eg: Water, acids, diluted acids (within the limits of transmitter and receiver housing and insulation materials), water with impurities.
• Liquids – Interface
  Eg: Petroleum products and water.
• Liquids – With Solids
  Eg: Municipal waste (sewage).

Specifications

• Input voltage:
  NOMINAL
  115 Volts AC
  230 Volts AC
  24 Volts AC
  ABSOLUTE LIMITS
  95-115 Volts AC
  190-270 Volts AC
  +/- 4 Volts
• Power: 5 volt-amperes
• Frequency: 50-60 Hz
• Time delay: Independent with auto-reset on make, or break
• Delay time range: 50 minimum - 10-second nominal; 30 second maximum
• Fail-safe switch selectable: High level or low level
  High-level fail-safe position: Relay is de-energized when material is present
  Low-level fail-safe position: Relay is de-energized when no material is present
• Indicators: Two, light-emitting diodes (LED); RED - illuminated when material is not present at sensor-path is complete; YELLOW - illuminated when relay is energized
• Operating temperature (amplifier): -40°F ti +160°F (-40°F to +71°C)
• Output: Relay, DPDT Form C
• Ratings:
  5 amp @ 120 Volts AC resistive
  3 amp @ 240 Volts AC resistive
  3 amp @ 24 Volts DC resistive

Download Datasheet: Delavan Microwave 320

Reference: ljtechnologies.com